Now that the snow has finally settled, it would seem silly to try and deny that winter is finally upon us. But for those who share a particular aversion to the bitter cold conditions, there may be something slightly more sinister at work.

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD), also commonly referred to as seasonal depression, is a relatively common affliction that predominantly affects individuals during the winter months.

Often argued, is the possibility that this condition may actually be the residual effects of a hibernation response from our distant ancestors. Researchers have speculated whether this could account for feelings of low mood and sluggishness commonly described. From an evolutionary standpoint, these claims might be substantiated by the distinct need for our ancestors to conserve energy during the long winter months, as food was undoubtedly found in much shorter abundance than it is nowadays. All the same, in today’s busy climate one can hardly sacrifice such a significant portion of the year to slumber.

While there is still no confirmed cause for the condition, research continues to go on. Prevailing theories state a “biological internal clock” in the brain may be the root of the issue.

“[SAD] …is really thought to be a phenomenon where the person is extremely sensitive to changes in day length, perceived by the retina,” commented Dr. Briar Long, a Psychiatrist at Student Health Services. So as the days become shorter during winter, so too does this clock alter the times at which we typically feel tired.

So how do you know if you are affected? Research in Ontario suggests that between two per cent and three per cent of the general population may have SAD. Another 15 per cent have a less severe experience described as the “winter blues” (CMHA). This distinction is very important to point out, as sometimes the two terms are used interchangeably, and incorrectly.

“[True SAD] is a pattern of full blown major depressive episodes that come on predictably every winter, and go away as winter starts to end,” said Long.

Symptoms typically include oversleeping (often an increase of 4 hours or more each day), lethargy, intense craving for carbohydrates, weight gain, withdrawal from social contacts and depression.

Those who have a predisposition for mood disorders such as clinical depression and bipolar disorder, or have a history of mental health problems in their family ought to be particularly vigilant.

Luckily, there are a number of ways in which people can cope with the symptoms, and even safeguard against the onset of SAD. Among the more common methods of treatment are “light therapy”, which involves exposure to light using a special fluorescent light box for several minutes a day; counselling and treatments such as cognitive-behavioural therapy; and anti-depressants, which are effective in delivering relief to those suffering symptoms and are available to use (but should not be used as a pre-emptive measure).

That being said, there are lots of practices that can be implemented in our daily routines which are great for overall physical and mental health. Things like regular exercise, getting enough rest, eating regular and healthy meals, taking time to relax, making your workspace sunnier and brighter, and spending more time outside are all perfect examples of how we can improve our daily lives and maintain a balanced mood.

So remember, next time you’re feeling as though your internal clock is wound a little too tight, take a moment to yourself and try to enjoy the brighter sides of winter; after all, it only comes once a year.

Students at UofG interested in finding out more can access the Feeling Better Now program, an online mental health diagnosis tool available to all students. More info can be found at www.feelingbetternow.com/uoguelph/.

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